::: VITAMINS :::

Vitamins are discovered by F.G. Hopkins.

A vitamin is an organic compound required by an organism as a crusial nutrient in limited amounts for normal health and development. An organic chemical compound (or related set of compounds) is known as vitamin when it cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantities by an organism, and must be taken from food or from some synthetic source. Because of this they called as essential nutrients. Each Vitamin do a particular job. If we have insufficient levels of vitamin, we may get health issues. In this way, the term is conditional both on the circumstances and on the specific organism. As an example, Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is a vitamin for humans, but not for most other animals, and Biotin (vitamin H) and Calcifeorl (vitamin D) are required in the human eating regimen just in specific conditions.

Some vitamins are soluble in fat and some are in water.

Fat soluble : A, D, E, K

Water soluble : B, C 

List of vitamins, Their chemical names, Functions and sources

Vitamin generic	Vitamin chemical name(s)	Solubility	Deficiency disease	Food sources
descriptor name
Vitamin A	Retinol, retinal, and four carotenoids including beta carotene	Fat	Night blindness, Hyperkeratosis, and Keratomalacia	Fish (cod liver oil),Orange, ripe yellow fruits, leafy vegetables, carrots, pumpkin, squash, spinach, soy milk, milk
Vitamin B1	Thiamin	Water	Beriberi, Wernicke- Korsakoff syndrome	Found in all nutritious foods in moderte amounts:  Pork, oatmeal, brown rice, vegetables, potatoes, eggs
Vitamin B2	Riboflavin	Water	Ariboflavinosis	Dairy products, bananas, popcorn, green beans, asparagus
Vitamin B3	Niacin, niacinamide	Water	Pellagra	Meat, fish, eggs, many vegetables, mushrooms, tree nuts
Vitamin B5	Pantothenic acid	Water	Paresthesia	Meat, broccoli, avocados
Vitamin B6	Pyridoxine,pyridoxamine,pyridoxal	Water	Anemia peripheral neuropathy.	Meat, vegetables, tree nuts, bananas
Vitamin B7	Biotin	Water	Dermatitis, enteritis	Raw egg yolk, peanuts, certain vegetables
Vitamin B9	Folic acid, folinic acid	Water	Megaloblastic anemia and Deficiency during pregnancy is associated with birth defects, such as neural tube defects	Leafy vegetables, pasta, bread, cereal
Vitamin B12	Cyanocobalamin,hydroxyco balamin, methylcobalamin	Water	Megaloblastic anemia	Meat and other animal products
Vitamin C	Ascorbic acid	Water	Scurvy	Especially Citrus fruits, Vegitables in cabbage family
Vitamin D	Cholecalciferol, Ergocalciferol	Fat	Rickets and Osteomalacia	Fish (cod liver oil), eggs, mushrooms
Vitamin E	Tocopherols, tocotrienols	Fat	Deficiency is very rare; mildhemolytic anemia in newborn infants.	Many fruits and vegetables, nuts and seeds
Vitamin K	Phylloquinone, menaquinones	Fat	Bleeding diathesis	Leafy green vegetables such as spinach, egg yolks

Note:

Cod liver oil contains -- vitamin A and D

Vitamin A deficiency causes -- night blindness, dermatitis.